Syllabus

 

AKTU B.Tech Computer Science & Engineering – Year-wise Subject List

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU), Lucknow · NEP 2020-based scheme · Compiled 10 October 2026

Read this first

• 1st year is the new common scheme effective from session 2026-27 (subject codes ACS / AAS / AAI / AEE / AEC / AME / ACE / AID). This part is the latest and is listed in full.

• 2nd, 3rd and 4th year follow the NEP-era CSE scheme with BCS-series codes (BCS = CSE core). These lists are compiled from secondary sources (AKTU-affiliated college schemes and syllabus portals), so some codes and the exact elective pool may differ slightly by batch and college.

• Always cross-check with the official PDFs at aktu.ac.in → Syllabus or with your college, because electives vary by institute and batch.

• Applies to: CSE, CS, CSIT, IT and allied branches (AI, AIML, Data Science, Cyber Security, IoT share most of the same first-year and core subjects).

1st Year (Scheme 2026-27)

Most subjects come in pairs. You study one of each pair in Semester 1 and the other in Semester 2, depending on your group: Physics / Chemistry, Electrical / Electronics, IKS / Professional Communication, AI & Prompt Engineering / Mechanical, CAD Drawing Lab / Design Thinking Lab, Language Lab / Environment.

Semester 1

Common subjects (all branches)

• ACS101 – Programming Languages (C and Python)

• AAI101 – Introduction to AI and Prompt Engineering

• AAS104 – Introduction to Indian Knowledge System

• AAS105 – Professional Communication and Technical Writing

• AAC101 – Environment and Sustainability (non-credit)

• AAS151 – Applied Physics Lab

• AID151 – Innovation and Design Thinking Lab

• AAS153 – Language Lab (non-credit)

CSE stream subjects

• AAS101E – Applied Physics (Quantum Physics and Applications)

• AAS102D – Applied Chemistry (Applied Chemistry for Smart Systems)

• AAS103D – Applied Mathematics-I (Calculus and Linear Algebra)

• AEE101A – Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

• AEC101A – Fundamentals of Electronics Engineering

• AME101A – Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering

• AAS152D – Applied Chemistry Lab

• AEE151A – Electrical Engineering Lab

• AEC151A – Electronics Engineering Lab

• ACE151E – Computer-Aided Engineering Drawing Lab

Semester 2

Common subjects (all branches)

• ACS201 – Essentials of Data Structures (arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, sorting, trees, graphs in C/Python)

• AAI201 – Introduction to AI and Prompt Engineering

• AAS204 – Introduction to Indian Knowledge System

• AAS205 – Professional Communication and Technical Writing

• AAC201 – Environment and Sustainability (non-credit)

• AAS251 – Applied Physics Lab

• AID251 – Innovation and Design Thinking Lab

• AAS253 – Language Lab (non-credit)

CSE stream subjects

• AAS201E – Applied Physics (Quantum Physics and Applications)

• AAS202D – Applied Chemistry (Applied Chemistry for Smart Systems)

• AAS203D – Applied Mathematics-II (Numerical Methods)

• AEE201A – Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

• AEC201A – Fundamentals of Electronics Engineering

• AME201A – Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering

• AAS252D – Applied Chemistry Lab

• AEE251A – Electrical Engineering Lab

• AEC251A – Electronics Engineering Lab

• ACE251E – Computer-Aided Engineering Drawing Lab

2nd Year (Semesters 3 and 4)

This is the first year with core CSE subjects. The list below follows the AKTU CSE scheme for the 2nd year (BCS series); a few non-credit and open-elective slots change from batch to batch.

Semester 3

Theory

• Mathematics-IV / Science-Based Open Elective (BAS303 / BOE3xx)

• Universal Human Values (BVE301 / BAS301)

• BCS301 – Data Structure

• BCS302 – Computer Organization and Architecture

• BCS303 – Discrete Structures and Theory of Logic

Labs and others

• BCS351 – Data Structures Lab

• BCS352 – Computer Organization Lab

• BCS353 – Discrete Structures and Logic Lab

• BCS354 – Mini Project or Internship Assessment

• Non-credit audit course (Cyber Security / Python, depending on batch)

Semester 4

Theory

• Technical Communication (BAS401)

• Mathematics-IV / Science-Based Open Elective

• BCS401 – Operating Systems

• BCS402 – Theory of Automata and Formal Languages

• BCS403 – Object Oriented Programming with Java

• Non-credit audit course (Python Programming / Cyber Security, depending on batch)

Labs

• BCS451 – Operating Systems Lab

• Theory of Automata / Java programming labs as per batch scheme

Note: Some colleges running a newer autonomous or NEP scheme (for example KIET) teach Database Systems, Operating System, OOP with Java, Probability and Statistics, Advanced Data Structures and AI in Semester 3, and Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Computer Networks, Web Technology, Data Analytics and ML in Semester 4. Check your college's scheme.

3rd Year (Semesters 5 and 6)

Semester 5

Core theory

• Database Management System (DBMS)

• Web Technology

• Design and Analysis of Algorithms (DAA)

Departmental Elective I (choose one)

• Statistical Computing

• Data Analytics

• Computer Graphics

• Object Oriented System Design with C++

Departmental Elective II (choose one)

• Machine Learning Techniques

• Application of Soft Computing

• Image Processing

• Data Warehousing and Data Mining

Labs and others

• DBMS Lab

• Web Technology Lab

• DAA Lab

• Mini Project / Internship Assessment

Semester 6

Core theory

• Software Engineering

• Compiler Design

• Computer Networks

Departmental Elective III (choose one)

• Big Data

• Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)

• Blockchain Architecture Design

• Data Compression

Open Elective I

• Interdisciplinary subject from another department

Labs

• Software Engineering Lab

• Compiler Design Lab

• Computer Networks Lab

4th Year (Semesters 7 and 8)

Semester 7

• Artificial Intelligence

• Departmental Elective IV (areas include IoT, Cloud Computing, Cryptography and Network Security, Mobile Application Development)

• Open Elective-II

• AI Lab

• Mini Project / Internship Assessment

• Startup and Entrepreneurial Activity

Semester 8

• Open Elective III (MOOCs-based, SWAYAM / NPTEL / Coursera)

• Open Elective IV (MOOCs-based)

• Project-II (Major Project)

Notes

• 1st-year course names and codes were taken from the AKTU 2026-27 scheme as listed on AKTU Notes (aktunotes.in); the 3rd and 4th-year outlines come from GyanAangan's AKTU guides; the 2nd-year list reflects the BCS-series scheme and a KIET (AKTU-affiliated autonomous) scheme.

• Unit-wise topics are not included here. The official syllabus PDFs on aktu.ac.in contain unit-wise content, reference books and marking schemes for each subject.

• AKTU revises schemes periodically. Watch aktu.ac.in circulars for any change applicable to your admission year.

Explain the zeolite process.

 

What Are Zeolites?

Zeolites are microporous, three-dimensional crystalline solids of aluminium silicate. 

Zeolites have small openings of fixed size in them, which allow small molecules to pass through them easily. 

But larger molecules cannot pass through them; that is why they are sometimes called molecular sieves.

The term “zeolite” was first used in the year 1756 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, a Swedish mineralogist.

BCS751 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB (DETAILED SYLLABUS)

 BCS751 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB

1. Implement Breadth First Search (BFS) for a given graph or maze. 

2. Implement Depth First Search (DFS) for a tree or graph structure.

3. Solve the 8-Puzzle Problem using A* Search Algorithm.

4. Implement Hill Climbing Algorithm for numerical optimization or pathfinding.

5. Implement Simulated Annealing Algorithm for constraint-based search problems.

6. Solve Water Jug Problem using state-space search (BFS or DFS).

7. Write Prolog programs to define family relationships using predicates.

8. Implement 4-Queens Problem in Prolog using backtracking.

9. Implement Unification Algorithm in Python or Prolog.

10. Implement Forward and Backward Chaining in a rule-based system (manual or code-based).

11. Demonstrate Resolution in Propositional Logic through a basic example (e.g., proving a theorem).

12. Remove punctuation and stop words from a paragraph using nltk.

13. Perform stemming and lemmatization on user-input text.

14. Apply POS (Part of Speech) tagging using NLTK on a given sentence.

15. Build a simple text classifier using NLTK (e.g., classify messages as spam/ham).

16. Implement Tic-Tac-Toe game with a basic AI opponent.

17. Implement Min-Max (Minimax) Algorithm for decision making in turn-based games.

18. Enhance the game with Alpha-Beta Pruning to optimize Min-Max.

19. Simulate a Vacuum Cleaner Agent that intelligently cleans a 2D environment.

20. Build a simple chatbot using rules or pre-trained logic (can use regex or basic intent matching).

21. Design a Constraint Satisfaction Problem solver, e.g., Sudoku, or Map Coloring.

22. Perform simple Bayesian reasoning for a probability-based decision problem (e.g., medical diagnosis).

Internet of Things Unit-wise Question Bank | Subject Code: BCS070

Internet of Things (Elective-IV)

Previous Year Questions (AKTU)

Unit 1: Internet of Things (IoT)

1. Define the Internet of Things (IoT). Explain its vision, definition, and conceptual framework.
   
   
2. Explain the different characteristics of IoT.
   
   
3. What are the different components and building blocks required for an IoT device?
   
   
4. What is the role of "things" and the "Internet" in IoT?
   
   
5. Why do IoT systems have to be self-adapting and self-configuring?
   
   
6. Explain the layered IoT architecture (or architectural view) with the help of a neat diagram.
   
   
7. Explain IoT/M2M system layers and design standardization.
   
   
8. What is the requirement for IoT protocol standardization?
   
   
9. Differentiate between M2M communication and IoT.
   
   
10. What is the relation between WSN and IoT? Explain with an example.
    
    
11. Distinguish between the Web of Things and the Internet of Things.
    
    
12. What is the Cloud of Things?
    
    
13. What is IoT Analytics, and how can Big Data be used in IoT? Explain in detail.
    
    
14. Define the sources of IoT and give 5 examples of hardware sources for IoT prototype development.
    
    
15. Discuss various standards and technologies that enable ad hoc connectivity between devices, forming the basis of IoT.
    
    
16. What is identity management in the Internet of Things? Explain any two identity management techniques.
    
    
17. Why is security required in IoT? Explain in detail the various security challenges, threat analysis, access control, and message integrity in IoT.
    
    
18. Explain data modeling using the Entity-Relationship (ER) model, ER model concepts, and notation for ER diagrams.
    
    
19. Explain the concept of data independence, database languages, and interfaces.
    
    
20. Explain data enrichment and the functions of data consolidation in IoT.
    
    
21. Write in detail about the business model scenario for the Internet of Things.
    
    
22. Explain Data Visualization and its importance in IoT.
    
    
23. How can industries benefit from IoT? Explain the role of IoT for increased autonomy and agility in collaborative production environments.
    
    
24. Explain the Internet of Things using PLC technology.
    
    
25. Explain the communication technologies, data enrichment, and consolidation in IoT, detailing its ease of designing and affordability.
    
    
26. Write an Arduino program to blink a connected LED using a Fibonacci sequence of delays (e.g., 1s, 1s, 2s, 3s, 5s, 8s) between on and off states, resetting the sequence after 5 blinks.
    
    

Unit 2: Hardware for IoT

1. What do you mean by IoT-supported hardware? Explain the block diagram of IoT device hardware.
   
   
2. What are the primary hardware components that make up an embedded system? Explain the basic concept of an embedded system on an IoT device.
   
   
3. What are IoT hardware platforms? Explain three popular embedded platforms utilized for IoT.
   
   
4. Explain Arduino and Raspberry Pi in IoT. What are the main differences between them?
   
   
5. Differentiate between a Raspberry Pi and a desktop computer.
   
   
6. Explain the following IoT boards and architectures: BeagleBone board, Intel Galileo, and ARM Cortex.
   
   
7. What is Arduino IDE? Explain its use and the structure of an Arduino program.
   
   
8. Write down the steps for the implementation of IoT using Arduino. How do you add two numbers in Arduino?
   
   
9. Name 4 Arduino libraries and explain what an Arduino emulator is.
   
   
10. Define sensors (including digital sensors) and actuators. Explain their roles in IoT systems with examples and neat sketches.
    
    
11. Explain identification technologies used in IoT. What is RFID technology and how does it work?
    
    
12. Explain the concepts and terminology of RFID applications. How is RFID helpful in IoT architecture?
    
    
13. What do you mean by an RFID-based EPC network?
    
    
14. Compare Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).
    
    
15. Write a C program to interface a DHT11 sensor and an LED with a microcontroller such that the LED switches on only if the temperature exceeds 35°C and the humidity drops below 40% simultaneously.
    
    

Unit 3: Network & Communication Aspects in IoT

1. Explain the network and communication aspects in IoT. What are the roles of the network for IoT deployment in various devices?
   
   
2. Explain the MQTT Protocol with an example. What is the role of the MQTT protocol in IoT?
   
   
3. What is the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, and how is it related to IoT?
   
   
4. What is a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) architecture? What are WSN nodes?
   
   
5. Explain Sensor Deployment and Node Discovery in IoT systems.
   
   
6. What are the wireless medium access issues in IoT networks?
   
   
7. What do you mean by the term "MAC Protocol"? Explain MAC protocols for IoT and provide a MAC protocol survey.
   
   
8. Explain routing protocols in an IoT network along with their types and survey.
   
   
9. What is Data Aggregation and Dissemination in IoT networks? Why is it important, and what are its performance measures? Explain with an example.
   
   
10. Explain the various parts and anatomy of the Arduino Platform Board. Name two Arduino board names.
    
    
11. What is the Arduino IDE platform? Write down the steps to import libraries into the Arduino IDE and explain how programming is done for various applications.
    
    
12. What is coding? Using an emulator and libraries, explain how addition and multiplication operations are performed.
    
    
13. Explain the various security issues in IoT Boards.
    
    

Unit 4: Challenges in IoT Design

1. What are the different design and development challenges faced while designing IoT systems?
   
   
2. Discuss the different security challenges in IoT.
   
   
3. Discuss the various IoT applications. Name a few applications of IoT along with their specific challenges.
   
   
4. Explain how data is communicated with hardware units in IoT design.
   
   
5. Compare different IoT hardware and explain the key features of mobiles and tablets.
   
   
6. Explain the application of IoT in home automation systems. What are the components, communication media, and necessary steps required for making a smart building?
   
   
7. Explain the application of IoT in smart cities. Detail the designing of a smart street light system.
   
   
8. Explain the application of IoT in smart metering and automotive applications.
   
   
9. What are the benefits and applications of IoT in e-Health systems?
   
   

General / Miscellaneous

1. What is Zigbee?
   
   
2. What is ESP8266?
   
   
3. Explain the "Two Pillars of the Web".
   
   
4. Explain it with necessary steps and diagrams.