Chemistry Important Topics...

 2 Marks And 3.5 Marks Important Topics..

1. MOT

2. Graphite Properties

3. Nanotechnology

4. Lambert-Beer's Law numerical

5. Chromophore and Auxochrome

6. Woodword law numerical

7. NMR signals

8. Solvent effect

9. Chiral Drugs

10.Nernst equation numerical

11.Charging and discharging reaction of lead storage battery.

12. Waterline corrosion/ Sacrificial anodic protection method.

13.Hardness numerical

14.Alkalinity numerical

15. Reverse Osmosis

16. Calorific value

17. Ultimate analysis numerical

18. Dulong formula

19. Teflon/PAN

20. Role Of Dry ether in the Synthesis of Grignard reagent

21. TMS

22. Difference between Wale questions...

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5 marks or 7 marks important topics...

1. MOT

2.Liquid Crystal. (100% sure aayega)

3. Graphite/Fullerene.

4. Nanotechnology + CNT

5. Green Principles

6. Lambert-Beer's Law

7. Chromophore and Auxochrome

8. Molecular Vibration + IR numerical

9. Chemical Shift

10. Wet theory of corrosion + Prevention method

11.Cement Manufacture + role of Gypsum

12.Leclanche cell

13.lon exchange Method of water softening

14. Lime Soda Principle + Numerical

15.Bomb Calorimeter + Numerical (100% aayega)

16. Biodegradable polymer /Conducting Polymer

17. PET, Nylon, BuNa-N,S, Kevlar, Plexi glass, Thiokol

18. Grignard Reagent/LIAIH4

Bas itna kar lo firr thanks bolna aake mujhe...

Briefly explain wet corrosion. How Corrosion can be prevented by Metallic coating and using corrosion inhibitors?

  

What is Corrosion? 

It is basically defined as a natural process that causes the transformation of pure metals into undesirable substances when they react with substances like water or air. 

This reaction causes damage and disintegration of the metal, starting from the portion of the metal exposed to the environment and spreading to the entire bulk of the metal.

Factors Affecting Corrosion

1. Exposure of the metals to air containing gases like CO2, SO2, SO3 etc.

2. Exposure of metals to moisture, especially salt water (which increases the rate of corrosion).

3. Presence of impurities like salt (For example, NaCl).

4. Temperature: An increase in temperature increases corrosion.

5. Nature of the first layer of oxide formed: Some oxides like Al2O3 form an insoluble protecting layer that can prevent further corrosion. Others, like rust, easily crumble and expose the rest of the metal.

6. Presence of acid in the atmosphere: Acids can easily accelerate the process of corrosion.

Metallic Coating and Corrosion Inhibitors are 

effective methods to prevent corrosion:

Metallic Coating:

Barrier Protection: Coatings like paint or galvanization create a physical barrier that prevents corrosive substances from reaching the metal surface.

Sacrificial Coating: Metals like zinc can be used to coat steel. Zinc corrodes preferentially, protecting the underlying steel (a process known as cathodic protection).

Corrosion Inhibitors:

Chemical Inhibitors: These substances are added to the environment to reduce the rate of corrosion. They can form a protective film on the metal surface or react with corrosive agents to neutralize them.

Types: Common inhibitors include silicates, phosphates, and organic compounds.

ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY MIQs

 

UNIT 1

Ques: Explain molecular self-assembly method for preparing the nanomaterials.

Ques : Draw the molecular energy level diagram for CO. Calculate its bond order and

explain its magnetic behavior.

Ques:  On the basis of MO theory calculate the bond order of NO. Will NO be

paramagnetic or diamagnetic?

Ques: Draw molecular orbital diagram of O² and NO. Calculate their bond order and comment on their magnetic behaviors.

Ques: Classify Liquid crystals on the basis of temperature and give their applications in various fields.

Ques:  Describe different types of liquid crystals. Discuss the applications of Liquid

crystals

Ques:  Discuss the classification of liquid crystals. Distinguish between nematic and smectic liquid crystals. Give their important applications.

Ques: Write a brief note on fullerenes, discussing their preparation, properties and

applications.

Ques: Describe the structure and applications of Graphite and Fullerenes. Explain the

reasons for electrical and lubricating properties of graphite.

Ques: What are nanomaterials? How the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles vary with their size? Write important applications of nanomaterials.

Ques: What are Carbon Nano Tubes? Discuss the applications of nanomaterials.

Ques: 

Ques: Ilustrate any five principles of Green Chemistry and the give green synthesis method for prparation of Paracetamol.

UNIT 2

Ques :

Ques:

Ques:

Ques:

UNIT 3

Ques: Briefly explain wet corrosion. How Corrosion can be prevented by Metallic coating and using corrosion inhibitors? View

Ques:

Ques:

Ques:

UNIT 4

Ques :

Ques:

Ques:

Ques:

UNIT 5

Ques : What are biodegradable polymers? Write a note on 

(i) Polynucleotides

(ii) Buna- S

Ques:  Differentiate between Thermoplastic and Thermosetting polymers. Discuss the

preparation and uses of Phenol Formaldehyde resin.

Ques: Discuss the preparation and uses of Nylon- 6,6.

Ques: Give the structures of FOUR compounds used as initiators in Free Radical

polymerization.

Ques: Discuss the preparation and uses of PTFE.

Ques:(i) Differentiate between Chain Growth and Step Growth polymerization.

(ii)Outline the process of vulcanization of rubber. Describe the preparation, important properties and uses of Butyl rubber or Kevlar.

Ques:(i) Differentiate between Thermosetting and Thermoplastic polymers.

(ii)Giving examples write a brief note on conducting polymers.

Ques: Write the preparation (structure of monomer and polymer), properties & applications of the polymers: (i) Buna-S (ii) Nylon 6,6 (iii) Polyester (iv) Kevlar (v) Bakelite 

Ques: Classify conducting polymers and mention their important applications.

Ques: What do you understand by Polymer Blends? 

coming soon......

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING MIQs

                                    FUNDAMENTALS 

                    OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 

UNIT 1

Ques : Compare between Avalanche breakdown and Zener breakdown.

Ques: Explain the difference between the P-N junction diode and Light- Emitting diode.

Ques: Define the static and dynamic resistance of the diode. Also differentiate between Transition and Diffusion capacitance.

Ques: 

Ques: What do you mean by Varactor diode? Write its one application.

Ques: Why is Varactor diode also called Varicap? Explain.

Ques:  Explain the working of p-n junction diode and draw its V-I Characteristics

Ques: (i) Draw the circuit diagram of voltage Tripler circuit?

(ii) Explain Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Ques: Explain the working of following with the help of suitable diagram.

(i) LED

(ii) Photodiodes

Ques: Draw and explain the working of Centre Taped full wave rectifier. Also calculate its efficiency and ripple factor.

UNIT 2

Ques: Explain working principle of Depletion type MOSFET (n-channel). Draw &

Explain its characteristics.

Ques: Draw and explain the construction and working of P- channel Depletion MOSFET with characteristics graphs.

Ques: Draw the circuit of NPN transistor in common base configuration and discuss

its working. Draw input-output characteristic.

Ques: Draw and explain the working of the PNP Transistor in common base (CB) configuration with its characteristics graphs.

Ques: Draw and explain the construction and working of N- channel JFET with characteristics graphs.

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

Ques: Describe AM modulator with adequate diagram.

Ques: Explain the elements of communication system with the help of block

diagram.

Ques: Define the various elements of communication system and also draw it’s

functional block diagram.

Ques: Write Short notes on (i) Amplitude Modulation technique (ii) Radar Communication.

Ques: In an amplitude - modulated wave, derive the expression for 

(i) Amplitude of sidebands

(ii) Sideband frequencies

(iii) Modulation Index

(iv) Modulation Efficiency

Ques: Explain the need of modulation in the communication system.

Ques: Write the two applications of satellite communication.

coming soon....

BAS105 / BAS205: SOFT SKILLS Most Important Questions

 SOFT SKILLS 

UNIT 1

(7 marks questions)

Ques: How words are formed? Describe various ways and processes of word formation.

Ques: Write some rules of subject-verb agreement.

Ques: What is sentence? How many kinds of sentences are there? Give examples in support of your answer.

Ques: Write a short note on- 

* Portmanteau Words

*Prefix and Suffix

*Complex Sentence

Ques: Differentiate between homophones and homonyms along with example of each.

(2 marks questions)

Ques: What do you mean by root words? Define.

Ques: What is Clause? How many kinds of clauses are there?

Ques: What do you mean by complex sentence? Define with the help of suitable examples

Ques: What do you mean by compound sentence? Define with the help of suitable examples.

Ques: What do you mean by simple sentence? Define with the help of suitable examples.

Ques: What is antonym? Discuss two objectives of using antonym.

Ques: What is synonym? Discuss two objectives of using synonyms.

UNIT 2

(7 marks questions)

Ques: What are the different types of listening?

Ques: What do you think is the role and importance of active listening? How one can develop active listening?

Ques: What is note-taking? How one can take notes and how does note -taking impact listening?

Ques: Define pronunciation. How one can improve pronunciation?

Ques: Write a note on- Speaking Styles, Content and sequencing, Ted Talk, Elements of pronunciation.

Ques: What are the traits of an active listener?

(2 marks questions)

Ques: What do you know by listening?

Ques: Differentiate between listening and hearing with the support of suitable examples.

Ques: Define Ted Talk?

Ques: What the name of 5 TED talk speakers of National repute.

Ques: Write the name of 5 TED Talk speakers of international repute.

Ques: Give at least two points of difference between active and passive listeners.

Ques: Give three examples of appreciative listening.

Ques: What is pronunciation?

UNIT 3

(7 marks questions)

Ques: How many kinds of reading are there? Describe with the help of suitable examples.

Ques: What are the different methods of developing paragraphs?

Ques: Discuss the features of business correspondence with special emphasis on 'you attitude'.

Ques: What is the agenda? How it's different from the minutes of the meeting?

Ques: Write the Agenda of the Parent Teacher's Meeting, and also write the minutes of that meeting.

Ques: Write a notice inviting participation in the forthcoming Debate Running Trophy competition.

Ques: Write a sales letter for the promotion of the refrigerator. Invent the necessary details yourself.

Ques: Write an order letter for ordering some books for the English dictionary and Speaking Guides.

Ques: Differentiate between skimming and scanning and intensive reading and extensive reading.

(2 marks questions)

Ques: What is Agenda? What is the objective of writing agenda?

Ques: What do you understand by minutes of meeting? Who drafts minutes of meeting?

Ques: Discuss some writing tools.

Ques: What is churning?

Ques: What is assimilation?

Ques: What is Notice?

Ques: Draft a format of notice.

UNIT 4

(7 marks questions)

Ques: What is Oral Communication? Discuss merits and demerits of oral communication.

Ques: What are the different types of voice delivery? Discuss each type along with its advantages and limitations.

Ques: What is proxemics? According to T.S Hall, how many zones are decided under proxemics?

Ques: What do you know by paralingusitic ? Discuss the elements of paralinguistic features of communication.

Ques: What is kinesics? Write the elements of kinesics ? What do you think is the role and importance of eye contact?

Ques: What is public speaking? Write a short note on it. Give some tips to remove stage fear and fright.

Ques: Write a short note on chronomics.

Ques: What is presentation? How would you organize content for the presentation? What is the role of the audience and locale in making presentation winning?

(2 marks questions)

Ques: What is Oral Communication? Clear your answer with the help suitable examples.

Ques: What is proxemics?

Ques: Define chronomics. How many Kinds of people are there in the context of chronomics ?

Ques: Discuss the objectives of the presentation.

Ques: What is the role and need of public speaking?

Ques: What is the role of time management?

Ques: What does our posture comprise with?

Ques: What does our gesture comprise with?

UNIT 5

(7 marks questions)

Ques: What are 4 As to manage stress?

Ques: What do you mean by workplace stress? How can you get away with workplace stress?

Ques: How would you recognize that an individual is individual is under stress? What are the preventive measures to overcome stress?

Ques: What are leadership qualities? Write your answer with special reference to empathy, self-confidence, consideration, and communication.

Ques: How many kinds of stress are there?

Ques: What is the need for leadership skills? What is the role of communication for a leader?

(2 marks questions)

Ques: Define stress.

Ques: Define leadership.

Ques: What is the worst consequence of stress?

Ques: Leadership is learned, not acquired. Comment on this.

Experiments BEC 251

                                     Experiments BEC 251

Experiment 1

Obejctive: 

Study of Lab Equipment and Components: DSO, Multimeter, and Function Generator, Power supply-Active, Passive Components and Bread Board.

Apparatus required: 

DSO

Multimeter 

Function Generator 

Active Passive Components

Bread Board

Theory: 

(DSO) Digital storage oscilloscope : 

An electronic device that stores and analyses the signal in the digital format is known as Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO). When the input signal is given to the DSO, then it is processed, stored in the memory, and displayed on the screen. It stores the signal in the form of digital data as either 1 Or 0.

The advanced features of the DSO are triggering, storage and measurement. It can display the waveform or signal both numerically and visually. It is often referred to as the Digital Sampling Oscilloscope. Rather than using analog techniques, it used Digital Processing Techniques to capture, analyze, process, store, and display the signal on the screen.

 

MULTIMETER:  

A Multimeter is used to measure many electrical quantities. 

It can measure:

voltage (AC & DC), 

current (AC & DC),

Resistance,

Capacitance,

frequency,

Continuity.

A multimeter is a voltmeter, ammeter & ohmmeter combined together.

 

POWER SUPPLY: 

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load.

Active and Passive Components: 

Active Electronic Components :-

Active electronic components are those that can control the flow of electricity. 

Different Types of Printed Circuit Boards have at least one active component. 

Some examples of active electronic components are transistor, vacuum tubes, silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs).

 

Passive Electronic Components :-

Passive electronic components are those that don’t have the ability to control electric current by means of another electrical signal. 

Examples of passive electronic components are capacitors, resistors, inductors, transformers, and some diodes. These can be either Thru-Hole of SMD Components.

 

Resistor :

A Resistor is an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current. It is a passive device used to control, or impede the flow of, electric current in an electric circuit by providing resistance, thereby developing a drop in voltage across the device.

Capacitor :

A Capacitor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors called “plates”. The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as “charging “. The ability of a capacitor to store charge is measured by its capacitance.

Capacitors are used in electronic circuits as energy storage devices. They are also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals. A wide variety of capacitors are available, including  electrolytic capacitors, basic parallel-plate capacitors, and mechanical variable capacitors.

Diode :

A diode is a one-way valve for electricity. Diodes allow flow of electricity in one direction. Most diodes have a painted line on one end showing the direction or flow. The negative side is normally white.

Integrated Circuit (IC): 

Integrated Circuit (IC) are package of several complex circuits. IC's are available in a wide variety of packages and sizes. Their applications are as varied as their packages.

Transistor :

A transisitor is a semiconductor device. It is the fundamental building block of the circuitry in mobile phones, computers, and several other electronic devices. A transistor has very fast response and is used in a number of functions including voltage regulation, amplification, switching, signal modulation, and oscillators.

Transistors may be packaged individually or they can be a part of an integrated circuit. Some of the ICs have billion of transistors in a very small area.    

Function Generator: 

Function Generator is basically a signal generator that produces different types of waveforms at the output. It has the ability to produce waveforms such as sine wave, square wave, a triangular wave, sawtooth wave etc. An adjustable frequency range is provided by the function generator which is in the range of some Hz to several 100KHz.

There exist various function generators that have the ability to produce two different waveforms simultaneously by using two different output terminals.

Function Generator is a versatile instrument as an extensive variety of frequencies and waveforms are produced by it. The various waveforms generated by the function generator are suitable for various applications. It provides adjustment of wave shape, frequency, magnitude and offset but requires a load connected before adjustment.

Breadboard:
A Breadboard is simply a board for prototyping or building circuits on. 

It allows you to place components and connections on the board to make circuits without soldering. 

The holes in the breadboard take care of your connections by physically holding onto parts or wires where you put them and electrically connecting them inside the board. 

The ease of use and speed are great for learning and quick prototyping of simple circuits. 

More complex circuits and high frequency circuits are less suited to breadboarding. 

Breadboard circuits are also not ideal for long term use like circuits built on perfboard (protoboard) or PCB (printed circuit board), but they also don’t have the soldering (protoboard), or design and manufacturing costs (PCBs).

RESULT:- 

We have Studied the Lab Equipment and Components: DSO, Multimeter, and Function Generator, Power supply-Active, Passive Components and Bread Board.

Precautions:

When working with electronic lab equipment during experiments, it’s essential to follow safety precautions to ensure your well-being and prevent damage to the equipment. Here are some general safety guidelines to keep in mind:

1. Disconnect power before handling electronics.
2. Always verify power circuit status before touching components.
3. Replace fuses only after disconnecting power.
4. Double-check work before reconnecting power.
5. Maintain clean workspace; wear safety glasses for high-power circuits.

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                                           Experiment 2

to be continued...

Unit 1 first and second lecture...

::NOTES::